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Chapter 1: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition - Questions/Answers | NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography(India People and Economy)
Class 12 Geography Chapter 1: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition - Questions and Answers of NCERT Book Solutions.
Q1. Choose the right answers of the followings from the given options:
(i)India’s population as per 2001 census is:
(a) 1028 million
(b) 3182 million
(c) 3287 million
(d) 20 million
Answer:
(a) 1028 million
(ii)
Which one of the following states has the highest density of population in India?
(a) Bihar
(b) Kerala
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(a) Bihar
(iii) Which one of the following states has the highest proportion of urban population in India according to 2001 Census?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Kerala
(d) Gujarat
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra
(iv)Which one of the following is the largest linguistic group of India?
(a) Sino – Tibetan
(b) Indo – Aryan
(c) Austric
(d) Dravidian
Answer:
(b) Indo – Aryan
Q2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i)Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population
Answer: People tend to concentrate in areas with moderate climatic conditions, that is areas that are neither too hot nor too dry and also with adequate precipitation to support life activities. The extremities of climate tend to push people away from the region and make the region less attractive for human inhabitation. In India western Rajasthan, which is characterized by high temperatures and dry conditions, is one of the least inhabited regions. The population density tends to be high in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar etc. because these regions have moderate temperature conditions with adequate precipitation therefore making the region conducive for population concentration.
(ii) Which states have large rural population in India? Give one reason for such large rural population
Answer: States of Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, U.P., Bihar and Sikkim have very high percentage of rural population. The reason for high rural population is that these areas are the ones with low level of economic, social development and hence low level of infrastructural development, which tend to inhibit the process of urbanization. Also with sluggish growth people tend to be concentrated in the field of primary activities therefore.
(iii)Why do some states of India have higher rates of work participation than others?
Answer: Work participation rate is the number of people engaged in economic activities. Some states of India like Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh etc. tend to have higher work participation rate. The work participation rate tends to be higher in the areas of lower levels of economic development since number of manual workers are needed to perform the subsistence or near subsistence economic activities in the absence of other opportunities.
(iv)The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.’ – Explain.
The occupational composition of India’s population shows a large proportion of primary sector workers compared to secondary and tertiary sectors. In India about 58.2 per cent of total working population are cultivators and agricultural labourers, whereas only 4.2% of workers are engaged in household industries and 37.6 % are other workers including non-household industries, trade, commerce, construction and repair and other services. India is an agricultural country with maximum population engaged in it as job opportunities in the other sectors are limited due to low rate of infrastructural development. Workers are declining over the last few decades from 66.85% in 1991 to 58% in 2001 leading to rise in share of tertiary sector.
Q3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
(i)Discuss the spatial pattern of density of population in India.
India has a highly uneven pattern of population distribution. U.P., Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh along with Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Gujarat, together account for about 76 per cent of the total population of the country. On the other hand, share of population is very small in the states like Jammu & Kashmir (0.98%), Arunachai Pradesh (0.11%) and Uttaranchal (0.83%) inspite of these states having fairly large geographical area. The density of population in India (2011) is 382 persons per sq km and ranks third among the most densely populated countries of Asia. Such an uneven spatial distribution of population in India suggests a close relationship between population and physical, socio-economic and historical factors. As far as the physical factors are concerned, it is clear that climate along with terrain and availability of water largely determines the pattern of the population distribution. Consequently, we observe that the North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have higher proportion of population than the interior districts of southern and central Indian States, Himalayas, some of the north eastern and the western states. However, development of irrigation (Rajasthan), availability of mineral and energy resources (Jharkhand) and development of transport network (Peninsular States) have resulted in moderate to high concentration of population in are.as which were previously very thinly populated. Among the socio-economic and historical factors of distribution of population, important ones are evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; pattern of human settlement; development of transport network, industrialisation and urbanisation. It is observed that the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have remained the regions of larger population concentration. Even though the uses of natural resources like land and water in these regions have shown the sign of degradation, the concentration of population remains high because of an early history of human settlement and development of transport network. On the other hand, the urban regions of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Jaipur have high concentration of population due to industrial development and urbanisation drawing a large numbers of rural-urban migrants.
(ii)Give an account of the occupational structure of India’s population.
Answer:The population of India according to their economic status is divided into three groups, namely; main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. It is observed that in India, the proportion of workers (both main and marginal) is only 39 per cent (2001) leaving a vast majority of 61 per cent as non-workers. This indicates an economic status in which there is a larger proportion of dependent population, further indicating possible existence of large number of unemployed or under employed people. The occupational composition of India’s population (which actually means engagement of an individual in farming, manufacturing trade, services or any kind of professional activities) shows a large proportion of primary sector workers compared to secondary and tertiary sectors. About 58.2 per cent of total working population are cultivators and agricultural labourers, whereas only 4.2% of workers are engaged in household industries and 37.6% are other workers including non household industries, trade, commerce, construction and repair and other . services. As far as the occupation of country’s male and female population is concerned, male workers out-number female workers in all the three sectors. The number of female workers is relatively high in primary sector, though in recent years there has been some improvement in work participation of women in secondary and tertiary sectors. The participation rate in secondary and tertiary sectors has registered an increase. This indicates a shift of dependence of workers from farm-based occupations to non-farm based ones, indicating a sectoral shift in the economy of the country. The spatial variation of work participation rate in different sectors in the country is very wide. For instance, the states like Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland have very large shares of cultivators. On the other hand states like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh have higher proportion of agricultural labourers. The highly urbanised areas like Delhi, Chandigarh and Puducherry have a very large proportion of workers being engaged in other services.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Question 1.What are the sources of population data in India? When was the first complete data collection completed/conducted?
Answer:The main source of data collection in India is Census data collected every 10 years. First complete data collection was conducted by census in 1881.
Question 2.What is India’s population density?
Answer: As per 2011 census the density of population is 382 people/sq. km.
Question 3.Which is the most densely populated country of Asia? .
Answer:Singapore is the most densely populated country of Asia.
Question4. Define: Physiological density, Agricultural density, Agricultural population
Answer:Physiological density is the number of people per unit of arable land. Agricultural density is the number of farmers per unit of arable land. Agricultural population includes cultivators and agricultural labourers and their family members
Question 5.What is meant by population doubling time?
Answer:The time taken by any population to double itself at its current annual growth rate is called population doubling time
Question 6.Which decade experienced negative growth in India?
The decade of 1911-1921 experienced negative population growth rate in India.
Question 7. Categorize population based on their place of residence.
Answer:Based on the place of residence population can be categorized into rural and urban.
Question 8.What are the two components of population growth?
Answer:Natural and induced are the two components of population growth.
Question 9.Define population composition.
It is a distinct field of study within population geography with a vast coverage of the analysis of age and sex, place of residence, ethnic characteristics, religion, language, literacy, marital status, occupational characteristics, etc
Question 10.What are the major occupation categories as per the census of India, 2011?
Answer: Four major categories are Cultivators, Agricultural labourers, Household industrial workers and Other workers.
Question 11. When was the latest census survey conducted? When was the last day and time of census survey?
Answer: In India, the latest census survey was conducted in 2011. It was based on the data till 28 February, 2011 at 12 mid night.
Question 12. What -is the total population of India as per the latest survey? Also tell rural and urban population of India as per this survey.
Answer: As per the 2011 census the total population of India is 1210193422 persons. Rural population – 833087662 Urban population – 377105760
Question 13. India has 7th position in the world in terms of land area and 2nd position in terms of population. Substantiate.
2.4% of total land of the world is under India There are six more nations whose land area is more than India. Therefore from population perspective India is at 2nd position after China with its total population of 1210193422 persons (2011). While in terms of land area, it is at 7th position in the world.
Question 14. Why is the average annual growth rate of population less in 1951 as compared to 1941?
Answer:
• High participation in the World Wars and many lives were lost in these wars.
• Spread of epidemic diseases.
Question 15.Describe the regional variations in population growth of India.
Answer:
• The southern states like Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Puducherry 8s Goa have a low rate of growth not exceeding the lowest growth rate of 9.4%.
• Growth rate in states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Punjab, UP, Haryana, Uttaranchal, MP, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh & Jharkhand, the growth rate on the average remained 20-25 %.
Question 16.How much percentage of population lives in rural and urban areas?
Answer . According to 2011 census survey, it is as follows:
• Rural – 68.84%
• Urban – 31.16%
Question 17. What does the increase in the participation rate of secondary and tertiary sectors signify?
Answer: The participation rate in secondary and tertiary sectors has registered an increase. This indicates a shift of dependence of workers from farm-based occupations to non-farm based ones, indicating a sector shift in the economy of the country.
Question 18. Which religious community holds the most dominant position in India?
Answer: The Hindus hold the most dominant position in India.
Question 19. Name the largest spoken language of India. Name any four states where they are spoken.
Answer: The largest spoken language in India is Hindi. It is spoken in Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Question 20. Which are the smallest spoken languages?
Answer: Kashmiri and Sanskrit languages.
Question 21. Name the states which have less population in comparison to their land area.
Answer: States with lowest density of population are Arunachal Pradesh (7 persons per sq km), Mizoram, (52 persons per sq km and Sikkim (86 persons per sq km).
Question 22. Which of the Union Territories has highest and lowest population density?
In India two states i.e. Goa and Kerala have less than 10% population growth rate. In Goa, it is 8.17% and in Kerala it is 4.68%. Amongst Union Territories, in Andaman and Nicobar Island it is 6.68% and in Lakshadweep it is 6.23%. Nagaland is the only state where negative growth rate has been observed and it is -0.47%.
Question 24. Which states of India have highest population under rural area?
Answer: In India approximately 68.84% of population is living in rural areas. 89.96% population of Himachal Pradesh, 88.70% population of Bihar, 85.92% population of Assam and 83.32% population of Odisha is living in rural areas.
Question 25. Which state of India is the most urbanized? Name some other states in terms of highest level of urbanization.
Answer: Goa is the most urbanized state of India. 62.71% population of Goa lives in urban areas. After this, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat,Karnataka and Punjab have more than 50% population living in urban areas.
Question 26. How many scheduled languages does Indian constitution have?
Answer:Indian constitution has 22 Scheduled languages.
Question 27. Who is a main worker?
Answer: A worker who works for more than or equal to 183 days in a year is called main worker.
Question 28.In how many groups is Indian population divided from economic perspective?
They are divided into three groups:
1. Main worker
2. Marginal worker
3. Non worker
Question 29. In how many categories is working population of India divided?
Answer The 2001 Census has divided the working population of India into four major categories:
• Cultivators
• Agricultural labourers
• Household industrial workers
• Other workers.
• High participation in the World Wars and many lives were lost in these wars.
• Spread of epidemic diseases.
• Rural – 68.84%
• Urban – 31.16%
Answer: The Hindus hold the most dominant position in India.
Question 19. Name the largest spoken language of India. Name any four states where they are spoken.
Answer: The largest spoken language in India is Hindi. It is spoken in Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Question 20. Which are the smallest spoken languages?
Answer: Kashmiri and Sanskrit languages.
Question 21. Name the states which have less population in comparison to their land area.
Answer: States with lowest density of population are Arunachal Pradesh (7 persons per sq km), Mizoram, (52 persons per sq km and Sikkim (86 persons per sq km).
Question 22. Which of the Union Territories has highest and lowest population density?
In India two states i.e. Goa and Kerala have less than 10% population growth rate. In Goa, it is 8.17% and in Kerala it is 4.68%. Amongst Union Territories, in Andaman and Nicobar Island it is 6.68% and in Lakshadweep it is 6.23%. Nagaland is the only state where negative growth rate has been observed and it is -0.47%.
Question 24. Which states of India have highest population under rural area?
Answer: In India approximately 68.84% of population is living in rural areas. 89.96% population of Himachal Pradesh, 88.70% population of Bihar, 85.92% population of Assam and 83.32% population of Odisha is living in rural areas.
Question 25. Which state of India is the most urbanized? Name some other states in terms of highest level of urbanization.
Answer: Goa is the most urbanized state of India. 62.71% population of Goa lives in urban areas. After this, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat,Karnataka and Punjab have more than 50% population living in urban areas.
Question 26. How many scheduled languages does Indian constitution have?
Answer:Indian constitution has 22 Scheduled languages.
Question 27. Who is a main worker?
Answer: A worker who works for more than or equal to 183 days in a year is called main worker.
Question 28.In how many groups is Indian population divided from economic perspective?
They are divided into three groups:
1. Main worker
2. Marginal worker
3. Non worker
Question 29. In how many categories is working population of India divided?
Answer The 2001 Census has divided the working population of India into four major categories:
• Cultivators
• Agricultural labourers
• Household industrial workers
• Other workers.
Last Updated on: February 16, 2024
