Question: Name and describe the steps involved in the technique widely used in forensics that serves as the basis of paternity testing in case of disputes.
The correct answer is –
The technique widely used in forensics that serves as the basis of paternity testing in case of disputes is DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting. The steps involved in this technique are as follows:
- Sample collection: The first step in DNA profiling is to collect a biological sample from the individuals involved in the paternity dispute. This can include blood, saliva, hair, or other tissue samples.
- DNA extraction: The DNA is then extracted from the biological sample using various methods such as phenol-chloroform extraction or commercial DNA extraction kits.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): The next step is to amplify the DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Specific regions of the DNA, such as short tandem repeats (STRs), are targeted for amplification.
- Gel electrophoresis: The PCR products are then separated using gel electrophoresis, which separates DNA fragments based on their size. The resulting DNA fragments are visualized on the gel using a stain or fluorescent dye.
- DNA analysis: The DNA fragments are then analyzed to determine the unique genetic profile of each individual. The number and size of the amplified fragments at specific loci are compared between the individuals involved in the dispute. A match in the genetic profile between the child and the alleged father provides evidence of paternity, while a mismatch indicates exclusion.
Overall, DNA profiling is a highly accurate and reliable technique for determining paternity and is widely used in forensic investigations and legal disputes.
