List down and briefly explain any four techniques of motivation.

List down and briefly explain any four techniques of motivation.

Answer.
Goal Setting: Goal setting is one of the most powerful techniques of
motivation. The athlete should be very specific and clear about his goal. In other words, an athlete should be very clear what he has to do, how, and why. If these three things are clear in the mind of the athlete then there will be no problem in motivation and one will do the things accordingly. One should be prepared mentally to do the activity and work to achieve the goal. The goal should not be
impossible to achieve, it should be in the reach of the individual. One should know the advantages of attaining the goal.
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2.Reinforcement: Reinforcement is the use of rewards and punishments that will work to either encourage a certain action or decrease it in the future. There are two ways of using reinforcement – a positive and a negative approach. The positive approach focuses on reward appropriate behaviour this increases the likelihood of this behaviour happening again. The negative approach focuses on punishing undesirable behaviors and should lead to decrease of these behaviours in the future. Most coaches and instructors
combine positive and negative approaches.
3.Knowledge of Progress: The athlete should know fully about himself, his capacity, quality, behavior, etc. Periodic positive results act as a strong motivational force. One should be made aware about his progress from time to time. Knowledge of progress is must because progress is also a reward in itself.
4.Rewards: They can be effective for further progress and to achieve goal. This can be very effective to motivate the players. Various rewards and cash prizes act as a strong motivational force to perform.
5.Jobs: Outstanding sports persons can be offered good jobs according to their achievement and educational qualifications. There are various departments which provide jobs to good sports persons i.e. Police departments in various states, Indian railways, Banks, Air India, etc.
6. Social Awards: The Government of India every year announces awardsfor outstanding sports persons who bring laurels for the country in various games and sports. They are honored with Arjuna Awards, Padama Shri, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, Dronacharya Award, Major Dhyan Chand Award, Padma Bhushan etc. Some special awards are also given for international achievements.
7.Positive talks: Positive talk by the teachers or coaches is one of the best methods to motivate an individual. It can help the athlete to change his thinking and behaviour. It is most important even for players and athletes at international level. At lower stages it works as a most successful tool for motivation.
8.To provide best quality equipment The players and athletes should be provided the best possible equipment, which will help the athlete to avoid sports injuries, best and easy practice without any tension in mind. Good quality equipment urges the participants to participate in the activity whereas old and sub-standard equipment may turn off the interest of the individual.
9.Positive attitude and environment: It is most important to have a positive attitude and environment for a successful training programme. The coach and the trainee should have a positive attitude towards each other and towards the activity. The cordial environment plays a vital role to motivate an athlete.
10. Role of Mass Media: Television and Newspapers play an important role in motivating the players. When the media gives coverage and recognition to the performance of the sports persons it gives a boost to their self confidence.
11. Role of Spectators: Crowd plays an important role in motivating the players. Good and positive responses of spectators encourage the sports persons to give their maximum.