Nestled in the northeastern state of Manipur, India, Loktak Lake is the largest floating freshwater lake in South Asia. Its most distinguishing characteristic is the Phumdis, or floating islands that dot the lake’s surface. The Phumdis are caused by the lake’s unique geographical and geological features.
During the rainy season, the lake covers about 286 square kilometers but reduces to about 40 square kilometers during the dry season. The phumdis, made up of flora, biological materials, and soil, float on the lake’s surface, making it a mosaic of green islands. The floating mass continually shifts and responds to changing seasons and weather conditions. Loktak Lake’s dynamic nature distinguishes it from other lakes and makes it an ecological wonder.
Flora and Fauna
Loktak Lake is home to a variety of flora and fauna. The Phumdis are home to various plant species, including grasses, shrubs, and aquatic plants. The endangered sangai deer, commonly known as the dancing deer due to its elegant movements, is found in the Keibul Lamjao National Park, which spans a large chunk of the lake. The sangai is the state animal of Manipur and is found nowhere else on the planet.
The lake is also home to various bird species, including waterfowl such as the Eastern spot-billed duck, migratory birds, and aquatic animals. Fishing is an important activity in the Loktak Lake region, supporting many local populations. The lake is filled with fish species, such as Indian major carp, essential to the local economy.
Cultural Importance
Besides its ecological richness, Loktak Lake has enormous cultural value for Manipur’s indigenous inhabitants. It is not just a source of income for them but also a part of their cultural legacy. The lake has been a significant resource for fishing, agriculture, and transportation for generations. The Phumdis are used for farming, and traditional cottages called “Phumshangs” are constructed on them.
One of Loktak Lake’s most unique and physically stunning features is the traditional fishing technique called “Phumdi phishing.” Fishermen use cone-shaped nets to catch fish from their small, circular boats. This technique is not only a monument to the local communities’ inventiveness but also an important component of their cultural identity.
Environmental Challenges
While Loktak Lake is undeniably a natural wonder, it suffers several environmental challenges. Pollution is a significant issue, primarily from agricultural runoff and home sewage. Introducing invasive aquatic organisms like water hyacinth endangers the lake’s fragile ecosystem. To address these issues, conservation activities have been launched. The Keibul Lamjao National Park, which encompasses a large chunk of the lake, has been declared a Ramsar Site and is internationally recognized for its importance as a wetland. Several organizations and government agencies collaborate to safeguard and preserve the lake’s distinct environment.
Conclusion
Loktak Lake is a natural wonder that blends stunning beauty with ecological value and cultural significance. It emphasizes the importance of protecting these delicate ecosystems for future generations by demonstrating the interconnectedness of nature and human life. A visit to Loktak’s Floating Lake is not only an opportunity to observe nature’s wonder but also an opportunity to connect with a way of life that is truly unique and inspiring.
