Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion.

Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion.

Ans. the differences between nuclear fission and fusion:

1. Definition:

   • Fission: Nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.

   • Fusion: Two nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.

2. Reaction:

   • Fission: Heavy nuclei split.

   • Fusion: Light nuclei combine.

3. Energy Release:

   • Fission: Releases energy as kinetic energy and neutrons.

   • Fusion: Releases energy as kinetic energy, neutrons, and gamma radiation.

4. Occurrence:

   • Fission: Predominantly controlled reactions in nuclear reactors and weapons.

   • Fusion: Powers stars like the Sun; controlled fusion is a significant technological challenge.

5. Waste Products:

   • Fission: Produces radioactive waste requiring careful management.

   • Fusion: Produces fewer long-lived radioactive waste products.

6. Stability:

   • Fission: Easier to initiate and control.

   • Fusion: Requires extremely high temperatures and pressures.

In summary, fission and fusion differ in their reaction mechanisms, energy release, occurrence, waste products, and stability. Fission is utilized in nuclear reactors and weapons, while fusion holds potential as a clean and virtually limitless energy source.