How does Paramecium obtain its food? (ii) List the role of each of the following in our digestive system:

These are the options for the question :How does Paramecium obtain its food?
(ii) List the role of each of the following in our digestive system:

(a) Hydrochloric acid
(b) Trypsin
(c) Muscular walls of the stomach
(d) Salivary amylase

The correct answer is -(i) Paramecium obtains its food by ciliary movement, creating a current of water and food particles into the oral groove. The food particles are trapped in the oral groove and then taken into the cell through a process called phagocytosis.

(ii) The role of each of the following in our digestive system is:

(a) Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells in the stomach lining. It creates an acidic environment in the stomach which helps to kill bacteria and other microorganisms present in the food. It also activates the enzyme pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides.

(b) Trypsin: Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. It helps to digest proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides and amino acids.

(c) Muscular walls of the stomach: The muscular walls of the stomach help to mix and churn the food with gastric juice, breaking it down into a thick liquid called chyme. The muscular contractions also help to push the chyme towards the small intestine.

(d) Salivary amylase: Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands. It breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules such as maltose.