Write two causes of energy loss in a real transformer.
Ans. Two causes of energy loss in a real transformer are:
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Hysteresis Loss: Hysteresis loss occurs due to the repeated magnetization and demagnetization of the transformer core material (typically iron or ferrite) as the alternating current passes through the coils. This phenomenon causes energy to be dissipated in the form of heat within the core material. Despite efforts to use materials with low hysteresis losses, some energy is inevitably lost in the form of heat during each cycle of magnetization and demagnetization.
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Eddy Current Loss: Eddy currents are induced circulating currents that flow within the transformer core material due to the changing magnetic flux. These currents generate resistive losses, resulting in the dissipation of energy in the form of heat. Eddy current losses can be mitigated by using laminated core materials, which reduce the flow of eddy currents by dividing the core into thin layers separated by insulating coatings. However, some energy is still lost due to eddy currents in a real transformer.
